Õª Òª:ij°ÂÊÏÌå²»Ðâ¸Ö·¨À¼ÔÚʹÓùý³ÌÖо±²¿³öÏÖ¿ªÁÑÉø©ÏÖÏó,ͨ¹ý²ÄÁÏ»¯Ñ§³É·Ö·ÖÎö¡¢½ð ÏàÏÔ΢×éÖ¯·ÖÎö¡¢É¨Ãèµç¾µ¹Û²ìÁÑÎƶÏÃæ΢¹ÛÐÎò¼° X ÉäÏßÄÜÆ×·ÖÎöÁÑÎƶÏÃ港ʴ²úÎï³É·Ö,¶Ô ·¨À¼¿ªÁÑÔÒò½øÐÐÁË·ÖÎö.½á¹û±íÃ÷:·¨À¼²ÄÁÏ̼ԪËغ¬Á¿³¬±ê,ÇÒ´æÔÚÈȼӹ¤È±ÏÝ,¾§½ç´¦Óдó Á¿Îö³öÎï,·¨À¼Ê¹Óùý³ÌÖдæÔÚÀÓ¦Á¦¼°¸¯Ê´»·¾³,ÒÔÉÏÒòËع²Í¬×÷Óõ¼Ö·¨À¼¾±²¿·¢ÉúÑؾ§Ó¦Á¦ ¸¯Ê´¿ªÁÑ.
¹Ø¼ü´Ê:°ÂÊÏÌå²»Ðâ¸Ö;·¨À¼;¾§½çÎö³öÎï;Ó¦Á¦¸¯Ê´¿ªÁÑ
ÖÐͼ·ÖÀàºÅ:TH£±£³£±£®£¹ ÎÄÏ×±êÖ¾Âë:B ÎÄÕ±àºÅ:£±£°£°£±£Ç£´£°£±£²(£²£°£±£¸)£±£²£Ç£°£¹£°£µ£Ç£°£´
ij»¯¹¤³§ÔÚÉú²úÔËÓª¹ý³ÌÖз¢ÏÖ·¨À¼¾±²¿ÓÐÒº ÌåÉø©ÏÖÏó,¾¹Û²ì·¢ÏÖ·¨À¼¾±²¿´æÔÚÑØÔ²ÖÜ·½ÏòµÄ ÁÑÎÆ,Èçͼ£±Ëùʾ.´Ë·¨À¼ÄÚ²¿½éÖÊΪº½¿ÕúÓÍ,¹¤ ×÷ѹÁ¦Îª£²£®£°MPa,½éÖÊζÈΪ£´£° ¡æ,Íâ±Ú±©Â¶ÓÚ¶ Ìì»·¾³ÖÐ,·¨À¼²ÄÁÏΪS£³£²£±£¶£¸°ÂÊÏÌå²»Ðâ¸Ö,²ÉÓÃ¶Í Ôì³ÉÐ͹¤ÒÕÉú²ú,ºó¾¹ÌÈÜ´¦Àí,ÔÙ¼Ó¹¤ÖÆÔì³ÉÐÍ. ±ÊÕßͨ¹ýһϵÁÐÀí»¯¼ìÑé·½·¨ÒÔ¼°¶Ô¼ìÑé½á¹û½øÐÐ ·ÖÎöÌÖÂÛ,ÕÒ³öÁ˸ò»Ðâ¸Ö·¨À¼ÁÑÎƲúÉúµÄÔÒò,²¢ Ìá³öÁ˸Ľø½¨Òé,ÒÔ±ÜÃâÀàËÆʧЧµÄÔÙ·¢Éú.
£± Àí»¯¼ìÑé
£±£®£± ºê¹Û·ÖÎö
ºê¹Û¹Û²ì·¨À¼¿ªÁѲ¿Î»¿É¼û,ÁÑÎƳÊÇúÕÛ¡¢¶ÏÐø ×´ÑØ·¨À¼¾±Ô²ÖÜ·Ö²¼,·¨À¼ÅÌ´¦ÎÞÁÑÎÆ.·¨À¼¾±Íâ ±íÃæÁÑÎƽ϶àÇÒ¼ä϶½Ï´ó,Èçͼ£²a)Ëùʾ;·¨À¼¾±ÄÚ ±íÃæÁÑÎƽÏÉÙÇÒϸС,Èçͼ£²b)Ëùʾ.ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÒÔÅÐ ¶Ï,ÁÑÎÆÓÉÍâÏòÄÚÀ©Õ¹.
£±£®£² »¯Ñ§³É·Ö·ÖÎö
ÔÚͼ£±Ëùʾ£±ºÅ²¿Î»´¦È¡Ñù,²ÉÓù̶¨Ê½È«Æ×Ö±¶Á¹âÆ×ÒÇ·ÖÎö£±ºÅÊÔÑùµÄ»¯Ñ§³É·Ö,½á¹û¼û±í£±. ¿É¼û̼ԪËغ¬Á¿³¬³ö±ê×¼¼¼ÊõÒªÇó,îÑÔªËغ¬Á¿µÍ ÓÚ±ê ×¼ ¼¼ Êõ Òª Çó,Æä Óà ¸÷ Ôª ËØ º¬ Á¿ ¾ù ·û ºÏ NB/T £´£·£°£±£°££²£°£±£°¶ÔS£³£²£±£¶£¸²»Ðâ¸Ö³É·Öº¬Á¿µÄÒªÇó.
£±£®£³ ½ðÏà·ÖÎö
ÔÚͼ£±ÖУ²ºÅ²¿Î»´¦È¡½ðÏàÊÔÑù,¾´ÖÄ¥¡¢Ï¸ Ä¥¡¢Å׹⼰£±£°£¥(Ìå»ý·ÖÊý)²ÝËáÈÜÒºµç½â½þÊ´ºó, ÔÚ½ðÏàÏÔ΢¾µÏ¹۲ì[£±].·¨À¼ÏÔ΢×é֯Ϊµ¥Ïà°ÂÊÏ Ìå,ÒÀ¾Ý GB/T£¶£³£¹£´££²£°£°£²²ÉÓñȽϷ¨ÆÀ¶¨¾§Á£¶È ¼¶±ðΪ£¶£®£°¼¶,Èçͼ£³a)Ëùʾ;·Å´ó£±£°£°£°±¶¹Û²ì¿É ¼û,¾§½ç´¦´æÔÚ´óÁ¿Îö³öÎï,ͬʱÓÐÓ²ÖʷǽðÊô¼ÐÔÓ Îï·Ö²¼ÓÚ¾§½ç»ò¾§ÄÚ,Èçͼ£³b)Ëùʾ.
¹Û²ì½ðÏàÊÔÑùÁÑÎÆ´¦ÐÎò,¿É¼ûÁÑÎÆÖ÷¸É¡¢·ÖÖ§ Ã÷ÏÔ,ÇÒÑؾ§·¢Õ¹,¼â¶Ë½ÏΪÈñÀû,ΪµäÐ͵ÄÑؾ§Ó¦ Á¦¸¯Ê´ÁÑÎÆÐÎò,Èçͼ£´Ëùʾ.
£±£®£´ ɨÃèµç¾µ¼°ÄÜÆ×·ÖÎö
ʹÓà QUANTA£²£°£° ɨ Ãè µç ¾µ (SEM)¹Û ²ì £² ºÅ½ðÏàÊÔ Ñù,Çå Îú ¿É ¼û ¾§ ½ç ´¦ ´æ ÔÚ ´ó Á¿ Îö ³ö Îï, Èçͼ£µËùʾ.ÔÚͼ£±ÖУ³ ºÅ ²¿ λ È¡ Ñù,Óà ÓÚ É¨ Ãè µç¾µ¹Û²ìÁÑ ÎÆ ¶Ï Ãæ ΢ ¹Û ÐΠò ¼° ÄÜ Æ× (EDS)·Ö Îö ¸¯Ê´²úÎï³É·Ö,£³ ºÅ ÊÔ Ñù ÁÑ ÎÆ ¾ ´ò ¿ª ºó ±© ¶ ³ö ÁÑ ÎƶÏÃæ,ÔÚɨÃèµç ¾µ Ï ¹Û ²ì. ͼ £¶a)Ϊ ·¨ À¼ ¾± Íâ ±íÃæÁÑÎÆÆðʼÇø¶Ï ¿Ú ÐΠò,¿É ¼û ½Ï ¶à ¸¯ Ê´ ²ú Îï ¸½ ×ÅÓÚ¶ÏÃæ,ÐγÉÍø×´ ¹ê ÁÑ µÄ “Äà ÎÆ »¨ Ñù”. ͼ £¶b) ΪÁÑÎÆ ÖÐ ²¿ Çø Óò ÐΠò,³Ê ÏÖ ±ù ÌÇ ×´ ÑØ ¾§ ¶Ï ÁÑ ÌØ Õ÷,¾§Ãæ ¸½ ×Å ÉÙ Á¿ ¸¯ Ê´ ²ú Îï,²¢ °é ÓÐ ¶þ ´Î ÁÑ ÎÆ. ͼ£¶c)ΪÁÑÎÆβ¶ËÐÎò,³ÊÏÖ³öÑؾ§¶ÏÁÑÌØÕ÷,¶þ ´ÎÁÑÎƼ°¶àÀâƽ»¬¾§ÃæÇåÎú¿É¼û,¾§Ã渽׎ÏÉÙ¸¯Ê´²úÎï,Óɴ˿ɼûÁÑÎÆÓÉÍâÏòÄÚÀ©Õ¹,Óëºê¹Û·ÖÎö ½á¹ûÒ»ÖÂ.
ÄÜÆ×·Ö Îö ½ð Ïà ÊÔ Ñù ÖÐ Ó² ÖÊ ·Ç ½ð Êô ¼Ð ÔÓ Îï ³É ·Ö,Èçͼ£· Ëù ʾ,½á ºÏ Æä ½ð Ïà ÌØ Õ÷ ¿É Öª ¸Ã ¼Ð ÔÓ Îï ÊÇÒÔ TiN Ϊ Ö÷ µÄ ¸´ ºÏ ¼Ð ÔÓ Îï. ͼ £¸ ÏÔ Ê¾ ¾§ ½ç ´¦ ÎïÖÊÓÉ ¸õ µÄ Îö ³ö Îï ¼° ¸¯ Ê´ ²ú Îï ×é ³É. ͼ £¹ Ϊ ÁÑ ÎƱíÃæ ¸¯ Ê´ ²ú Îï ÄÜ Æ× ·Ö Îö ½á ¹û,Æä ×é ³É Ôª ËØ ÓÐ ÂÈ¡¢Áò¡¢ÑõµÈ ¸¯ Ê´ ÐÔ Ôª ËØ,ÒÔ ¼° Ìú¡¢¸õ¡¢ÃÌ¡¢¹è µÈ ²Ä ÁÏ»ùÌåÔªËØ.
£² ×ۺϷÖÎö
½áºÏÉÏÊöÀí»¯¼ìÑé½á¹û¼°·¨À¼Ê¹ÓÃÌõ¼þ½øÐÐÈç Ï·ÖÎö.
(£±)Ãô¸ÐµÄ²ÄÁÏ
·¨À¼ÏÔ΢×éÖ¯¾§½çÉÏ´æÔÚ´óÁ¿Îö³öÎï,Îö³öÎï µÄ²úÉúÓë·¨À¼Ì¼ÔªËغ¬Á¿½Ï¸ß¼°Èȼӹ¤¹¤ÒÕÖƶÈÓÐ ¹Ø.¹ý¶à̼ԪËØ,Ϊ¾§½çÎö³öÎï²úÉúÌṩÎïÖÊ»ù´¡, ÔÚ£´£°£°~£¸£µ£°¡æµÄÃô»¯Î¶ȷ¶Î§[£²],ÓÉÓÚ̼Ô×ÓÌå»ý С,ÔÚ½ðÊôÖÐÓнϴóÀ©É¢ÄÜÁ¦,ºÜÈÝÒ×À©É¢µ½¾§½çÓë ¾§½çÉϵĸõÔ×Ó½áºÏ,¹Êʹ¾§½çÉϵĸõÔªËغ¬Á¿Ï ½µ,ͬʱ¾§ÄڵĸõÒ²»áÏò¾§½çÀ©É¢²¹³ä,µ«ÓÉÓÚ¸õµÄ À©É¢ÄÜÁ¦Ô¶Ð¡ÓÚ̼Ô×ÓµÄ,ÄÑÒÔ¼°Ê±²¹³ä¾§½çÉ쵀 Ëðʧ,¹ÊË澧½çÉÏ̼»¯¸õµÄ²»¶ÏÎö³ö,µ±¸õÔªËغ¬Á¿ ½µµ½ £¼£±£²£¥ (ÖÊ Á¿ ·Ö Êý)ʱ,¾§ ½ç ¾Í »á ÓÐ ±» ¸¯ Ê´ µÄΣÏÕ.
(£²)Ìض¨µÄ¸¯Ê´½éÖÊ
ÄÜÆ×·ÖÎöÁÑÎƶÏÃ港ʴ²úÎï,º¬ÓÐÂÈ¡¢Áò¡¢ÑõµÈ ¸¯Ê´ÐÔÔªËؼ°Ìú¡¢¸õ¡¢ÃÌ¡¢Äø¡¢¹èµÈ»ùÌåÔªËØ,¸¯Ê´ÐÔ ÔªËصijöÏÖÓë·¨À¼ºÍ´óÆø»·¾³Ö±½Ó½Ó´¥,ÓêË®µÄ³å Ë¢¼°³§Çø´óÆø»·¾³ÖдæÔÚ¸ÃÀàÔªËØÓйØ.
(£³)Êʵ±µÄÀÓ¦Á¦
ͼ£±£°a)ÊÇÒ»¸ö²»ÊÜÁ¦µÄ´ø¾±·¨À¼,µ±·¨À¼Êܵ½ ÄÚ²¿Ñ¹Á¦Ê±,×÷Óõ½·¨À¼ÉϲúÉúÁ¦¾Ø M,·¨À¼ÅÌÉÏ µÄ¾ØÐνØÃ潫·¢ÉúÈçͼ£±£°b)ËùʾµÄת¶¯,µ¼Ö·¨À¼ ¾±²úÉúϸ΢×ÝÏòÍäÇú±äÐÎ,Èçͼ£±£°c)(ͼÖÐQO ±íʾ ·¨À¼ÅÌ×÷ÓøøÆ÷±ÚµÄ¼ôÇÐÁ¦,MO ±íʾ·¨À¼ÅÌ×÷Óà ¸øÆ÷±ÚµÄÍä¾Ø)Ëùʾ,Òò´Ë·¨À¼ÔÚʹÓùý³ÌÖз¨À¼¾±ÔÚ¼Óºñ¹ý¶É´øÇøÓò,ÒòΪӦÁ¦¼¯ÖнÏΪÃ÷ÏÔ,¸ÃÇøÓò ÓпÉÄÜÍäÇú·ù¶È½Ï´ó,Ñõ»¯Ä¤ºÜ¿ÉÄÜ»áÆÆÁÑ,µ¼ÖÂ×ê ¸Ë»ùÌåÓëÄཬ½Ó´¥,¸¯Ê´½øÒ»²½¼ÓÉî,Öܶø¸´Ê¼,·¢ Éú´Ì´©Ê§Ð§.
£³ ½áÂÛ¼°½¨Òé
´Ë´Î×ê¸Ë´Ì´©ÎªÔçÆÚ¸¯Ê´Æ£ÀÍʧЧ,Æ£ÀÍÁÑÎÆ ÆðÔ´ÓÚ×ê¸Ë¼Óºñ¹ý¶É´øÏûʧÇøÓòÄڱڵĸ¯Ê´¿Óµ× ²¿;×ê¸Ë×ê½ø¹ý³ÌÖÐ,ÔÚ½»±äÔغɵÄ×÷ÓÃϼӺñ¹ý¶É ´øÏûʧÇøÓòÓÉÓÚÓ¦Á¦¼¯ÖжøÔÚ¸¯Ê´¿Óµ×²¿ÃÈÉú¸¯Ê´ Æ£ÀÍÁÑÎÆ,ÁÑÎƲ»¶ÏÀ©Õ¹×îÖÕÔì³É×ê¸Ë´Ì´©Ê§Ð§.
½¨Òé²ÉÓÃÄÚÍ¿²ã×ê¸Ë,¿ÉÒÔÓÐЧ±ÜÃâ×ê¸Ë»ùÌå Ó뾮ϽéÖʵÄÖ±½Ó½Ó´¥,·ÀÖ¹×ê¸ËÄÚ±Ú¸¯Ê´,Ìá¸ß×ê ¸ËµÄÆ£ÀÍÊÙÃü;Êʵ±½µµÍ×ê¸ËתËÙ,¼õС×ê¸Ë³ÐÊÜµÄ ÐýתÍäÇúÓ¦Á¦,Ò²¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ß×ê¸ËµÄʹÓÃÊÙÃü.
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×:
[£±] ¹ùÉúÎä,Ô¬Åô±ó£®ÓÍÌ︯ʴÐÎ̬µ¼ÂÛ[M]£®±±¾©:ʯÓÍ ¹¤Òµ³ö°æÉç,£²£°£°£µ£®
[£²] ÑîÏàͬ,ÂÀ˩¼,Áø¶°,µÈ£®Ä³¾®ÐÞ¾®Óö×è¼°Ó͹ܺÍÌ× ¹ÜʧЧÔÒò·ÖÎö[J]£®Àí»¯¼ìÑé(ÎïÀí·Ö²á),£²£°£±£µ,£µ£± (£²):£±£´£·£Ç£±£µ£°,£±£µ£´£®
[£³] ˧ÑÇÃñ£®Ä³ ¾® ?£±£²£· mm S£±£³£µ ×ê ¸Ë ´Ì ´© ʧ Ч ·Ö Îö[C]¡ÎÀîº×ÁÖ,·ëÒ«ÈÙ£®Ê¯Ó͹ܲÄÓë×°±¸Ê§Ð§·ÖÎö °¸Àý¼¯£®±±¾©:ʯÓ͹¤Òµ³ö°æÉç,£²£°£°£¶:£±£´£°£Ç£±£´£¶£®
[£´] Ò¶¶¥Åô,ÍõÈð³É,´Þ˳ÏÍ,µÈ£®?£±£²£· mm S£±£³£µ ×ê¸Ë´Ì ©ʧЧ·ÖÎö[J]£®Àí»¯¼ìÑé(ÎïÀí·Ö²á),£²£°£°£¹,£´£µ(£¸): £µ£±£´£Ç£µ£±£¶£®
[£µ] Àî·½,ÁõÓÀ¸Õ,ÁÖ¿,µÈ£®G£±£°£µÓ;®×ê¸ËʧЧ·ÖÎö[J]£® ½ðÊôÈÈ´¦Àí,£²£°£°£¹,£³£´(£±£°):£¹£´£Ç£¹£·£®
[£¶] ÖìÀö¾ê,ÁõÓÀ¸Õ,Àî·½ÆÂ,µÈ£®G£±£°£µ¸ÖÖÆ×ê¸Ë¸¯Ê´Ê§Ð§ µÄÔÒò[J]£®¸¯Ê´Óë·À»¤,£²£°£±£¶,£³£·(£¹):£·£·£µ£®
[£·] »Æ»Ô,ÂíºìÁ«,ºÎÈÊÑó,µÈ£®Ä³ÌìÈ»ÆøÕ¾³¡¹ÜµÀµäÐÍ¹Ü ¼þÄÚ¸¯Ê´ÔÒò·ÖÎö[J]£®Àí»¯¼ìÑé(ÎïÀí·Ö²á),£²£°£±£µ, £µ£±(£¹):£¶£µ£³£Ç£¶£µ£¶£®
[£¸] ¹Ø±¦Ó¡£®Ê¯ÓÍ ×ê ¸Ë ÄÚ Í¿ ²ã ·À ¸¯ Ê´ [J]£®»¯ ѧ ¹¤ ³Ì ʦ, £±£¹£¹£³,£³£±(£±):£´£¶£Ç£´£¸£®
[£¹] ÕÂÑïÁÒ£®×êÖùÔ˶¯Ñ§Ó붯Á¦Ñ§[M]£®±±¾©:ʯÓ͹¤Òµ³ö °æÉç,£²£°£°£±£®
ÎÄÕÂÀ´Ô´——²ÄÁÏÓë²âÊÔÍø